And when your body breaks down fats without much glucose around, it produces compounds called ketone bodies.

当你的身体分解没有太多葡萄糖的脂肪，它会产生一种叫做酮体的化合物。

Some research suggest that our bodies can adapt to other energy sources like ketone bodies and be less reliant on carbs.

一些研究表明，们的身体可以适应其他能量来源，如酮体，减少对碳水化合物的依赖。

So during prolonged fasting or any kind of food deprivation situations, our body produces ketone bodies and these have been proposed to suppress appetite.

在禁食或任何食物匮乏的情况下，们的身体会产生酮体，这被认为食欲的。

As this 1986 paper reveals, " ketone bodies could account for as much as 25% of the neonate's basal energy requirements in the first several days of life."

正如这篇 1986 年的论文所揭示的，“新生儿最初几天的基本能量需求中，酮体可能占到 25%。”

These ketone bodies are important because they can be used by cells for energy, but they also increase the acidity of the blood, which is why it's called keto-acid-osis.

这些酮体很重要，可被细胞用来获取能量，但他们也会增加血液酸性，所以才叫作酮症酸中毒。

Interestingly, both ketone bodies break down into acetone and escape as a gas by getting breathed out the lungs which gives a sweet fruity smell to a person's breath.

有趣的，两种酮体都会分解成丙酮，之后以气体形态随着肺部呼吸排出，会使患者的口气有一种水果似的甜味。

Beta hydroxybutyric acid on the other hand, even though it's still one of the ketone bodies, isn't technically a ketoacid since its ketone group has been reduced to a hydroxyl group.

而β-羟基丁酸虽说也酮体，但却不酮酸，因为它的酮基团被还原成了羟基。

Some of that acetone leaves your body when you exhale, and some people with too many ketone bodies may even have a " fruity" smell to their breath from breathing out so much acetone.

当你呼气，一些丙酮会离开你的身体，一些酮体过多的人甚至会因为呼出过多的丙酮而带有一种“水果味”。

After that happens, the liver turns the fatty acids into ketone bodies, like acetoacetic acid and beta hydroxybutyric acid; acetoacetic acid is a ketoacid because it has a ketone group and a carboxylic acid group.

此后，肝把脂肪酸转化成酮体，比如乙酰乙酸、β-羟基丁酸；乙酰乙酸一种酮酸，因为它有酮基团和羧酸基团。

Because there is no more glucose and the fats are too large to cross the blood-brain barrier, your brain changes modes and begins to use ketone bodies for energy, which are short-chain derivatives of fatty acids.

因为没有更多的葡萄糖，脂肪又太大而不能通过血脑屏障，你的大脑就会改变模式，开始使用酮体作为能量，酮体脂肪酸的短链衍生物。

Some of that acetone leaves your body when you exhale, and people with too many ketone bodies may even have a " fruity" smell to their breath from breathing out so much acetone.

当你呼气， 一些丙酮会离开你的身体，酮体过多的人甚至可能会因为呼出过多的丙酮而闻到“水果味” 的气味。